The backhoe refers to the rear excavator arm of a backhoe loader — a combined machine with a front bucket and excavator at the rear. The backhoe loader is one of the most versatile construction machines and dominates municipal earthwork, utility installation, and landscape construction worldwide.
The backhoe typically achieves digging depths of 4–6 meters and digging forces up to 60 kN. It is operated from the same operator's seat as the front bucket — the driver rotates 180° and controls the excavator via joysticks. Stabilizer legs prevent tipping during excavation.
Backhoe loaders from JCB (3CX/4CX), Caterpillar (432/444), Case, and Komatsu are deployed millions of times worldwide. JCB virtually invented the backhoe loader and holds over 50% global market share. Lateral slew capability of the backhoe (up to 180°) enables working alongside the machine — ideal for trench excavation along roadways.