The dumper is a maneuverable transport vehicle used on construction sites to haul bulk materials such as excavated soil, gravel, sand, or construction waste over short distances. Unlike articulated dump trucks, dumpers are more compact, more agile on rough terrain, and specifically designed for on-site internal material transport.
A distinction is made between wheel dumpers (with articulated or steering axle steering) and track dumpers (for extremely soft soils). Articulated wheel dumpers (Articulated Dump Trucks) such as the Volvo A30G combine high payload capacity (25–40 t) with excellent off-road capability through permanent all-wheel drive and oscillating axles. Track dumpers are deployed in moor construction, dike construction, and operations on unsuitable ground conditions.
The hopper can tip backwards, forwards (front tipper), or to the side (three-way tipper) depending on the design. Leading manufacturers include Volvo CE, Bell, Caterpillar, Komatsu, and Wacker Neuson (compact class). Modern dumpers feature automatic traction control, weighing systems, and telematics for transport logistics optimization.